tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-21883435496980580222024-03-12T16:58:38.764-07:00Pc ToolstipsAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-47303457664897319202017-04-08T03:11:00.000-07:002017-04-08T03:11:34.242-07:00Chptr-2. Co-operative Registration in India <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><b><u> HISTORICAL BACKGROUND</u></b></h2>
<b><u><br /></u></b>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
sir rajagopalchari, who was the registrar of co-operative societies at madras province was appointed as diwan of Cochin and subsequently as diwan of travacore state. he had the experience in the working of co-operative societies. so he took the initiative rand thereby the first act by the name Cochin co-operative societies act of 1913 was passed. </div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 13.5pt;">
according to the provisions of this act first society organised in Cochin state is still working by the name edavanakkad service co-operative bank. the same rajagopalachari was appointed as the diwan of travancore also.he took the initiation and thereby travancor co-operative societies regulation<span class="apple-converted-space"> was passed in the year 1914. the late c. govindpillai was appointed as the first registrar of co-operative society in travencore state on November 1914 the first society was registered on 17th November 1914 by the name trivandram central co-operative bank ltd which is the present Kerala state co-operative bank in 1949 the travencore and Cochin state were integrated and thereby travencore Cochin state was formed .at the time travencore co-operative society act was applicable to the Cochin state. There arise necessity to have a common law for the entire travencore Cochin state and in 1952 travencore Cochin co-operative societies act was passed. This was applicable to the entire travencore, Cochin State and old acts were repealed </span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b><u>Acts</u></b></h3>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
1. Cochin co-operative society Act 1913 <o:p></o:p><br />
2. Madras co-operative society Act 1932 </div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
3. Travencore co-operative society Act 1914<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
4. Travencore Cochin co-operative society Act 1952<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
5. Kerala co-operative society Act 1969 </div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-16435711145111963912017-04-08T03:10:00.000-07:002017-04-08T03:10:20.916-07:00Chptr-1.Co-operative Registration in India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<u><b>HISTORICAL BACKGROUND </b></u></h2>
<u><b><br /></b></u>During the early period of British rule the economic condition of the Indian villages was completely shattered.<br />
<div>
<div>
Britain exploited India by exporting the rich raw materials of our country and importing the manufactured goods from England. Britishers made India a market of their finished product. as a result Indian industries had a set back and they gradually collapsed .<br />
the people who were engaged in such industries had no other alternative but to fall back upon agriculture for their livelihood. this situation added the pressure on land. the Britishers did not pay attention to the problems of the agriculturists. consequently it was a period of money lenders. they lend money at high rate of interest to the needy agriculturists. this situation increased their indebtedness the money lenders exploit agriculturists , which resulted in unrest among agriculturists <span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<u><b>ACTS</b></u></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
1. The co-operative credit society Act 1904</div>
<div>
2. The co-operative credit society Act 1912<br />
3. Co-operation as state subject 1919</div>
<div>
4. Multi unit co-operative society Act 1942</div>
<div>
5. Multi state co-operative society Act 1984</div>
<div>
6. Multi state co-operative society Act 2002</div>
<div>
7. Andhra pradesh mutually aided co-operative society Act 1995</div>
8. banking regulation Act 1949 applicable to co-operatives</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-30190811957012375482017-04-08T03:09:00.000-07:002017-04-08T03:09:02.193-07:00Chptr-4.Chptr-4.Registration Of Co-operative Societiess<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">Co-operative societies are one of the forms of business organisation these are formed by the people who wish to get some benefit from that organisation. they function under the sovereign principle principle of mutual help. generally, they are formed by the economically weaker sections who join together for the promotion of their common economic interest. in this way different sections of people join together and form co-operative organisation or society for their betterment. The object of the society is to improve the condition of the community as a whole.</span></h3>
<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-7235385969744461716" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 516px;">
<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
<br />
<u><b>REGISTRATION</b></u><br />
For forming the society it is compulsory to register for getting the legal entity. For that purpose a co-operative society must be registered under co-operative society Act only after the registration, it can commence its operation . Section 4 to 8 of Kerala co-operative society act 1969 and rules 3 and 4 dealt with the registration of a co-operative society<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 3 (1)</span><br />
*Registrar<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 4</span><br />
*Objects<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 5</span><br />
*Limited liability<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 6 AND RU</span><span style="color: white;">LES 3</span><br />
*Application for registration<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 7 AND RULE 4</span><br />
*Registration<br />
*Modification<br />
*Refusal<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 8</span><br />
*Registration certificates<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 9</span><br />
*Corporate status<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">RULE 5</span><br />
*Bye-Laws<br />
*Subject matters of bye laws<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">RULE 6</span><br />
*Model bye-laws<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 10</span><br />
*Change of name of society<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 11 AND RULE 12 </span><br />
*Change of liabilty<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">SECTION 12 AND RULE 9</span><br />
*Amendment of bye-law<br />
*Procedure for amendment<br />
*Compulsory amendment of bye-law </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-22416724774693245912017-04-08T03:07:00.002-07:002017-04-08T03:07:56.242-07:00Chptr-5.Membership in Co-operative Societies s<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.4;">SECTION 16</span></h3>
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<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
<div>
<b><u>ELIGIBILITY TO BECAME A MEMBER</u> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span></b></div>
<div>
Section 16 of the co-operative society act provides that membership of co-operative<br />
<span style="line-height: 1.4;">society is given to the following category of people and institutions.</span></div>
<div>
1. An individual<br />
<span style="line-height: 18.2px;">2. Any other society</span></div>
<div>
<span style="line-height: 1.4;">3. A local self government</span></div>
<div>
4. the government </div>
<div>
5. Any body of person whether incorporated or not and approved by the government</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 16 & RULE 16 </span></div>
<div>
<b><u>INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP-QUALIFICATION</u></b></div>
<div>
According to the section 16 and rule 16 of the co-operative society Act an individual must have the following qualification for membership in a a co-operative society</div>
<div>
1. he must have attained 18 year </div>
<div>
2. he is sound of mind</div>
<div>
3. He must be a resident within the area of operation of the society or in the occupation<br />
of land with in the area of operation of the society </div>
<div>
4. He should not be adjudicated as an insolvent</div>
<div>
5. he should not have been sentenced for an offence other than of political nature or<br />
involving moral turpitude</div>
<div>
6. He is not a paid employee of society or of this financing bank. This restriction shall<br />
not apply to co-operative motor transport society, co-operative work shop, societies<br />
for the employees for financing</div>
<div>
bank and societies formed for benefit of actual workers </div>
<div>
7. He should not have been surcharged, if surcharged a period of three year<br />
have been elapsed</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><u>PROCEDURE OF GETTING A MEMBERSHIP </u></b></div>
<div>
1. He should apply in the prescribed form given by the society</div>
<div>
2. His application is approved by the committee </div>
<div>
3. He has full filled all other condition laid down in the act, rules and bye-laws</div>
<div>
4. In case of other society or body of person or non statutory board approved by government, committee or corporation the application for membership shall be accompanied by a resolution authorized it to apply for such membership </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><u>TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP </u></b></div>
<div>
1. By expulsion of members if he has acted against the interest of the society</div>
<div>
2. By removal of member</div>
<div>
3. By withdrawing all his shares </div>
<div>
4. By transfer all of his shares </div>
<div>
5. By liquidating the society</div>
<div>
6. By the death of a member</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-77583496185895016832017-04-08T03:06:00.002-07:002017-04-08T03:06:39.650-07:00Chptr-6.Management Of Co-operative Societiess<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">Like other body co-operative society may also be managed.This is for getting work done. This is also be managed. This is for getting work done. This is a accomplished by using the services of other people in the society. As management of co-operative society is done on democratic basis it is vested with the general body and managing committees.</span></h3>
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<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 27</span><br />
<b><u>GENERAL BODY</u></b><br />
The general body is considered as the supreme authority or final authority of a co-operative society . It is the organisation of members of the society. All members of the society except nominal or associate members are entitled to attend the general body meting. Proxy is not allowed in the case of general body of societies. Ordinarily managing committee convenes the general body. If the committee fails then the registrar will convene the general body.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 28</span><br />
<b><u>MANAGING COMMITTEE</u></b><br />
As per section 28(1) the general body of a society shall constitute a committee for a period not exceeding five year in accordance with act, Rules and bye laws and entrust the management, the affairs of the society to such committee the maximum number of members of the committee shall not exceed 15 in the case of primary society and 25 in other societies. In the case of federal society, number of individual in the society and the committee there of shall not exceed 25 percent of the total number of members in the society<br />
<br />
<b><u>POWERS OF MANAGING COMMITTEE</u></b><br />
1. Election of office bearers<br />
2. Admission of members and allocation of shares<br />
3. To raise necessary funds in the form of deposits and loans<br />
4. To convenes the general body meetings<br />
5. To arrange for the proper maintenance of accounts of the society<br />
6. To appoint, control and supervise the staff<br />
7. To constitute the sub committee<br />
8. To sanction transfer of shares and withdrawel of shares<br />
9. To decide on how to invest the funds of the society<br />
10.Consideration of audit, inspection and enquiry report</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-29281700521659718222017-04-08T03:05:00.002-07:002017-04-08T03:05:29.303-07:00Chptr-7.Privileges Of Co-operative Societiess<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">C</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">o-operative society are public institution formed by a group of persons having identical needs, to promote their economic interest though self help and mutual aid concept. Societies are registered under the co-operative societies act of Kerala and these institutions have been granted special privileges and concession under the co-operative society</span></h3>
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<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 35</span> </span><br />
<u><b>FIRST CHARGE OF SOCIETY ON CERTAIN ASSETS</b></u><br />
Section 35 provides that any debt due from a member or past member or deceased member shall be a firs charge.<br />
1. Upon the crops or agricultural produce which are raised with the loan<br />
available from the society<br />
2. Upon any cattle fodder for cattle agricultural or industrial implements or<br />
machinery purchased out of any loan given by society. The charge made<br />
in favor of society shall not be transferred without the previous permission<br />
of the society such charges shall be available as against any claim of the<br />
government arising from any loan granted by them<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 36 RULE 51</span><br />
<b><u>CHARGE ON LAND HELD BY MEMBERS</u></b><br />
Section 36 rule 51 provides that a member of an agricultural society where he hold any land can create declaration in the prescribed form. This declaration creates charge on land for the payment of loan taken by the member. The declaration shall be registered<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 37 RULE 52</span><br />
<u><b>DEDUCTION FROM SALARY TO MEET SOCIETY'S CLAIM </b></u><br />
A member of the society as loan or surety may executive the agreement in favor of the society providing<br />
that the employer or salary disbursement officer shall be competent to deduct from this salary such amount as may be specified in the agreement and to pay the amount so deducted to the society towards any debt or dues payable by the member to the society . In the case of default by such member the society. in the case of defaulter by disbursement officer to deduct such amount from his salary unit the full realization of the debt.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 40</span><br />
<b><u>EXEMPTION FROM STAMP DUTY</u></b><br />
Section 40 provides that a society are exempted from stamp duty in respect of transactions made between the society and member up to a certain limit.<br />
The government may by notification in the official gazette exempt any class of societies from taxes-on<br />
1. Agricultural income<br />
2. sale or purchases of goods and<br />
3. professions, trade, callings and employments</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-4466383593535924102017-04-08T03:04:00.000-07:002017-04-08T03:04:35.166-07:00Chptr-8.State Aid To Co-operative Societies<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">S</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">tate partnership in co-operative society would provide a helping hand to co-operative movement so as to enable the co-operative organisation to withstand oppositions from vested interest This would also create confidence of the public in the co-operative institutions .it would also provide the societies adequate borrowing power and enable them to meet the credit requirement of members to the desired extent. In this respect state partnership should not lead to state control or interference</span></h3>
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<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 42</span><br />
<b><u>DIRECT PARTICIPATION OF GOVERNMENT</u></b><br />
The government may subscribe directly to the share capital of a society with limited liability. The government is entitled to get dividend at the rate payable to other shares of the society. The government cannot claim a high rate of dividend<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 43</span><br />
<b><u>INDIRECT PARTNERSHIP OF GOVERNMENT</u></b><br />
The government may advance money to the society for the purchase of the shares in other society with limited liability<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 44</span><br />
<b><u>PRINCIPLE STATE PARTNERSHIP FUNDS</u></b><br />
An apex society which has received money from the government for the purchase of shares shall establish a fund known as principal state partnership fund. The fund shall be utilized<br />
1. Directly to purchase shares in other society with limited liability<br />
2. providing funds to a central society to enable the society to purchase shares<br />
in other societies with limited liabilities<br />
3. Making payment to the government in accordance with the provisions<br />
4. And for no other purpose<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 45</span><br />
<b><u>SUBSIDIARY STATE PARTNERSHIP FUND</u></b><br />
A separate funds known as subsidiary state partnership fund shall be established by a central bank. with the money received from the apex bank. Subsidiary state partnership fund shall be utilized.<br />
1. only for the purpose of purchasing shares in primary society<br />
2. Also to make payment to the apex society<br />
3. And for no other purpose.</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-20371041170378461932017-04-08T03:03:00.000-07:002017-04-08T03:03:05.786-07:00Chptr-9.Properties & Funds of Co-operative Societiess<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">L</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">ike other organisation co-operative society are business organisation. They are also dealing in funds and financial matters. Hence they require sound financial base and control. For the systematic and sound financial operations societies are framed property with measures and rules in co-operative act this chapter deals with sections and rules which are needed for the management of properties and funds of co-operative societies.</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 55 </span><br />
<b><u>FUNDS NOT TO BE DIVIDED </u></b><br />
Except the net profit, the funds of co-operative society shall not be paid as bonus or dividend or otherwise distributed to members. But a member may be paid down in the bye-laws for the service rendered by him to the society.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 56 </span><br />
<b><u>DISPOSAL OF NET PROFIT </u></b><br />
Net profit of a co-operative society shall disposed in the following manner.<br />
1. Transfer an amount not less than 15% of net profit to the reserve funds.<br />
2. An amount not exceeding 5% shall be paid to the co-operative education<br />
fund subject to a maximum of Rs.40000<br />
3. In the case of central society including a direct co-operative bank an amount<br />
not exceeding 25% of the paid up capital for dividend to its members<br />
<br />
The balance of profit may be utilized for any of the following purposes<br />
<br />
1. dividend to members at a rate not exceeding 20% of the paid up share capital<br />
2. Bonus to members in proportion to the business transacted with the society<br />
3. Contribution to special funds as specified in the bye law.<br />
4. Contribution to common good fund to the extent of 10%<br />
5. payment of bonus to employees of the society as specified in the bye law.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 57 </span><br />
<b><u>INVESTMENT OF FUNDS</u></b><br />
This deals with the manner in which the funds of a society shall be invested.It may be as follows.<br />
1. In government savings bank<br />
2. In share or securities of the society approved by the registrar<br />
3. securities specified in section 20 of the Indian trust act<br />
4. In any bank approved by the registrar<br />
5. In any other manner prescribed in rule 54</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-6184125978616753482017-04-08T03:01:00.002-07:002017-04-08T03:01:50.880-07:00Chptr-10.Final Accounts Of Co-operative Societies<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4;"><u>BOOK OF ACCOUNT</u></b></h3>
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Every co-operative society shall keep account.<br />
1. All sums of money receive and expended by the society and matters in respect<br />
of which the receipt or expenditure take place<br />
2. All sales and purchases of goods by the society<br />
3. The assets and liability of the society and shall maintain corrected up-to-date<br />
such account books and subsidiary ledger and such as the registrar may direct<br />
<b><u>BOOKS OF ACCOUNT FOR CONSUMERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY </u></b><br />
1. Cash book<br />
2. Cash sale subsidiary book<br />
3. Credit sale registrar<br />
4. purchases, issues and stock registrar<br />
5. Liability registrar<br />
6. Store ledger<br />
7. Security registrar<br />
8. Fixed asset registrar<br />
9. Members registrar<br />
10. Share certificate register<br />
11. stamp register, etc<br />
<br />
<b><u>BOOK AND REGISTER TO BE MAINTAINED BY THE CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT SOCIETIES </u></b><br />
1. Day book<br />
2. Payment book for loans advance<br />
3. Sundry payment book (other than loan)<br />
4. Receipts and payment books for fixed deposit receipts<br />
5. Sundry receipt book<br />
6. dividend payment books<br />
7. Members registrar<br />
8. Share ledger form<br />
9. Fixed deposit personal ledger<br />
10. Unpaid dividend register<br />
11. Suspense register<br />
12. Investment register<br />
13. Share transfer register<br />
14. dead stock register<br />
15. Recoveries register for advance<br />
16. Sanction register for loan, for membership, for share refund<br />
17. register for cheques, draft, payment order inward<br />
18. postage register for postage stamps</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-68857505804093396712017-04-08T03:00:00.002-07:002017-04-08T03:00:21.920-07:00Chptr-11.Audit, Enquiry and Inspection<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">A</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">n efficient audit program ensures proper management of the society. Being democratic institution the persons who are related with the society want to known whether the society is going for the common interest of all</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">.</span></h3>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 63 </span></span><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><b style="font-size: 14pt;"><u> <o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<b><u>DIRECTOR OF CO-OPERATIVE AUDIT </u></b></h2>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Section 63 of the co-operative society act deals with audit. It provides that director of co-operative audit or any body authorized by him audit the accounts of the society at least once a year.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 64 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<u>SCOPE OF AUDIT - POWERS OF THE DIRECTOR OF CO-OPERATIVE AUDIT AND PROCEDURE FOR AUDIT</u></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<u><br /></u><u><b>AUDIT MEMORANDUM</b></u></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The auditor shall submit to the registrar, after the audit of a society is finalized an audit memorandum or report in the form prescribed by the registrar. This is concerned with the audit work done by him or the accounts examined by him and on the balance sheet and final account. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Memorandum will state the following</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1. Whether in the opinion of the auditor proper book of accounts have been<br />
kept as per the act and bye laws</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. Whether he has obtained all the information and explanation for the conduct<br />
of the audit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. Whether the final accounts are in tally with the book of account</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The memorandum will also contain the schedules with the particular of </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1. All transaction which appear to be contrary to the provisions of the act,<br />
Rules and bye laws.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. All sums which ought to have been brought to accounts but not done so by the society.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. any material irregularity </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4. any money or property are doubtful </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 65 & rule 66 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u>ENQUIRY</u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Section 65 deals with enquiry. An enquiry is held by the registrar to esquire in to the constitution, working and financial condition of a society as and when occasion arises and circumstances warrant it. This is usually held when there are serious irregularities noticed in the working of the society.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The enquiry is ordered at the following circumstances</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1. Registrar on his on accord</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. On an enquiry report of the vigilance officer </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. On a report of the director of co-operative audit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
4. On an application by majority of the committee members</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-46228939738864371062017-04-08T02:59:00.002-07:002017-04-08T02:59:32.530-07:00Chptr-12.Settlement Of Disputes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"><u>DISPUTES</u></b></h2>
<div>
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">In section 2(1) of kerala co-operative society act the term dispute is defined. Accordingly," a dispute means any matters touching the business, constitution,</span></div>
<div>
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<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
establishment or management of a society capable of being the subject matters of litigation and includes a claim in respect of any sum payable to or by a society whether such claim be admitted or not".<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 69 </span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b><u>DISPUTES TO BE DECIDED BY CO-OPERATIVE ARBITRATION COURT AND REGISTRAR </u></b></h3>
Section 69 provides that any dispute touching the constitution or business or establishment or management of a society which fall under the following categories shall be referred to the registrar for decision and no court shall have jurisdiction for such disputes.<br />
1. Among members, past members<br />
2. deceased member and the society<br />
3. Between the society or its committee and past committee, any officer or employee<br />
or any past officer<br />
4. Between the society and any other society<br />
5. Between the society and the members of a society affiliated to it.<br />
6. Between the society and surety of a member<br />
7. Between the society and a creditor of a company<br />
<br />
According to section 69(2) the disputes may be in the following cases<br />
<br />
1. A claim by the society or any amount due to it from a member nominee or legal<br />
representatives of the deceased member<br />
2. A clam by a surety against the principal debtor<br />
3. Any disputes arising in connection with the election of the board of management<br />
or any officer of the society<br />
<br />
The person deciding the dispute should pass an order under the provisions of the act rules and bye laws. such an award shall be final subject to the provision of section 82.<br />
For the easy and quick disposal of disputes in co-operative societies act the registrar is empowered to act as an arbitrator and the power of the civil court have been conferred on him. </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-54926835575552456722017-04-08T02:58:00.000-07:002017-04-08T02:58:25.706-07:00Chptr-13.Liquidation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">A</b><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">co-operative society is formed with definite objectives. Members normally expect certain services from a society. But this may not be really achieved from a defunct or dormant society. If the society is going against its object and beyond his power, there is no other alternative but dissolve it. The competent authority under the act to wind up or dissolve the society is the registrar who usually appoint a liquidator for the purpose.</span></h3>
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<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 71 (1) (2) </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b><u>WINDING UP OF LIQUIDATOR</u></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
Section 71 (1) state that if the registrar after an inquiry has been held under section 65 or an inspection has been made under section 66 or on receipt of an application made by not less than 3/4 of the member of the society, is of the opinion that, the society ought to wound up he may make an order in writing to direct the society to be wound. Before doing so, he should consult the financing bank and circle co-operative union. He shall give an opportunity to the society to state its objection if any.</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
the other circumstance of liquidation are the following.</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
1. Where the total number of the members has been reduced to less than 25</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
2. Where the society has not commenced working with in six month of it registration </div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
3. Where the number of actual workers falls below the prescribed limit in the case of<br />
a society formed exclusively for the benefit of the person engaged in a particular<br />
industry or operation </div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 73 & RULES 69 </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
<b><u>POWERS OF LIQUIDATOR </u></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
1. The liquidator shall publish a notice require all claims against the society to be<br />
submitted to him within a period of tho months</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
2. File the case for and on the behalf of the society</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
3. To determine the contribution to be made by the members, past members,<br />
legal heirs, nominees etc after settling the asset and the liability of the society </div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
4. Liquidator shall investigate the clime against the society. Priority in settling<br />
the clime shall also be decided by the society. He shall have the power to fix<br />
the rate of payment as per the availability of the funds. </div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
5. Cost of liquidation shall be decided by him</div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
6. he shall have the power to decide whether a person is a member, past member,<br />
nominee, heir etc.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-10247827031787191832017-04-08T02:56:00.002-07:002017-04-08T02:56:25.158-07:00Chptr-14.Insured Co-operative Banks<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.4;">SECTION 74 A </span></h3>
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<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><u>CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF INSURED CO-OPERATIVE BANKS</u></b> <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
According to section 74 A,an insured co-operative bank means a society which has been affiliated with the deposit insurance and credit guarantee corporation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
The provision of banking regulation act 1949 was made applicable to state co-operative bank. district co-operative bank and co-operative urban bank. the co-operative bank are coming under the banking regulation act are eligible to get their deposit insured<br />
under the provision of deposit insurance co-operative act of 1961. Thus RBI advised the power on the matters such as regulation and advance, maintenance of cash reserve,<br />
winding up, supervision of management etc. Accordingly Kerala government inserted section 74 A by amending the act in 1974 so as to avail the facilities of insurance cover to the deposits of co-operative banks as in the case of commercial banks.<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Section 74 A provides the following <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
1. An order to winding up or at sanctioning of amalgamation, transfer of asset or<br />
division shall be made only with previous written sanction of the RBI <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
2. An order for winding up of the bank shall be made by the registrar if so<br />
required by the RBI on the circumstance referred to in section 13 D of<br />
deposit insurance corporation act 1961 <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
3. The registrar may super cede the committee if so required by the RBI<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
4. An order to winding up, amalgamation, transferee of assets, division and<br />
supervision can not be questioned in any manner other than by appeal review or revision <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
5. The liquidator or insured co-operative bank or transferee bank as the<br />
case may be, shall be under an obligation to repay the DIC to the extent<br />
and in the manner referred to in it </div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
For the purpose of this section a co-operative bank means a bank as has been defined in the deposit insurance corporation act 1961. Insured co-operative bank under the provision of deposit insurance corporation act of 1961</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-77677550540236585602017-04-08T02:55:00.002-07:002017-04-08T02:55:36.582-07:00Chptr-15.Executive Of Awards, Of Decrees, Orders and decision<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">G</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">enerally execution of award or decree is the duty of civil court. But for the speedy implementation of their work this power is specially conferred on the registrar or any other person authorized by him under the co-operative society act.</span></h3>
<div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 75 </span></div>
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<b><u>ENFORCEMENT OF CHARGE </u></b><br />
Under section 75 the registrar may on the application of the society direct the payment of any debt due to the society by any member, past member or deceased member, by sale of property or interest there in which is to charge under section 35(1). Before issuing such an order, the member concerned has to be given a notice of the application and if the member failed to pay the debt within thirty days from the date of serving the above notice.<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 76 </span><br />
<b><u>EXECUTION OF ORDER, AWARD ETC</u></b><br />
The following order, award etc. if not carried out shall be executed as a decree of a civil court.<br />
1.The order of surcharge issued under section 68.<br />
2. order passed under under section 75 for enforcement of charge<br />
3. Award issued issued under section 70<br />
4. Order made by liquidator under section 73<br />
5. Every order in appeal review by the tribunal under section 82,84,85 or 86<br />
6. The order in appeal made by other authorities under section 83<br />
<br />
If the parties fail to carry out orders they shall be executed in the following ways.<br />
<br />
(1). On a certificate signed by the registrar or any person authorized by him in this<br />
behalf, be deemed to be a decree of a civil court and shall be executed in the<br />
same manner as a decree of such court.<br />
(2). Where the order is for the recovery of money, be be executed accounting to the<br />
law for the time being in force for the recovery of arrears of public revenue due<br />
on land. the application for such recovery shall be made to the collector<br />
accompanied by a certificate signed by the registrar. The application should be<br />
submitted within 12 years from the date of the order.<br />
(3). the registrar or any other person empowered by the registrar in this behalf shall<br />
executed it by the attachment and sale or through attachment of any property of<br />
the person or a society.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-77672447838856118682017-04-08T02:54:00.002-07:002017-04-08T02:54:28.476-07:00Chptr-16.Establishment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4;">E</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , "trebuchet" , "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">mployees are an impotent part of any type of organisation. The success and the failure depends upon its employees. if they are efficient their organisation becomes inefficient. So maximum attention is laid in the co-operative act for an efficient staff pattern. The following paragraph shows the employee pattern and the service and the service condition of the employees.</span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">
<div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 80 </span></div>
<div>
<b><u>OFFICERS ETC. OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY</u></b></div>
<div>
1. The government shall classify the society in the state according to their<br />
type and financial position </div>
<div>
2. In consultation with the state co-operative union the government shall fix<br />
the number and designation of officers and other servant of various class of societies.</div>
<div>
3. The government shall in consultation with the state co-operative union<br />
make rules regulating the qualification, remuneration, allowance and other<br />
conditions of service of the officers and servants of the different classes of societies </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 80A </span></div>
<div>
<b><u>PENSION SCHEME </u></b></div>
<div>
80 A (1) provides that the government may by notification in the gazette, frame a self financing pension scheme for the establishment of a pension funds for payment of pension to the employee of society in the manner provided there in and may fix different dates for the application of the scheme to different classes of society.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 80 B </span></div>
<div>
<b><u>CO-OPERATIVE SERVICE EXAMINATION BOARD </u></b></div>
<div>
The government shall constitute a co-operative service examination board for the conduct of written examination for all director recruitment of the posts of junior clerk and above in the primary agriculture credit societies, primary credit society, Urban co-operative banks, and primary agricultural and rural development bank in the state.</div>
<div>
The board consist of not more than 3 members and its term is five year. the mode of conduct of written examination and the powers of the board are enlisted under rules 182 and 182 A of the act </div>
<div>
<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">RULE 190 </span></div>
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<b><u>LEAVE RULES</u></b></div>
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All employee are eligible for leave as per the Kerala service rule.</div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">RULE 196 </span></div>
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<b><u>FRAMING OF RULES BY THE SOCIETY </u></b></div>
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Societies are to frame necessary bye laws specifying the duties and responsibilities of the employees and to implement them.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-32920355404157866112017-04-08T02:53:00.002-07:002017-04-08T02:53:21.788-07:00Chptr-17.Other Laws-One<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"><u>CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE 1908 </u></b></h2>
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<b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"><u><br /></u></b></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>INTRODUCTION</b></div>
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Civil procedure code 1908 came into force in India on 1st January 1909. it extends to the whole of India except the state of Janmu and Kashmir, state of nagaland and the tribal areas. But the state government concerned may extend the provisions of this code to the whole or part of the state of nagaland or such tribal areas by notifications in the official gazette.</div>
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<b><u>CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE </u></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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The civil procedure code 1908 is a comprehensive law constitute of 158 section and 51 orders governing the procedure of civil courts in India <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><u>DECREE</u></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Decree according to section 2(2) of civil procedure code means the formal expression of an adjudication which so far as the court expressing it, conclusively determines the rights of the parties with regard to all or any of the matters in controversy in the suit and may be either preliminary or final. It shall be deemed to include the rejection of a plaint and the determination of any question. it shall not include. <o:p></o:p></div>
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1. Any adjudication from which an appeal lies as an appeal from an order or<o:p></o:p></div>
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2. Any order of dismissal.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A decree may be final or preliminary <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><u>CONTENTS IN A DECREE<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></u></b> </h3>
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The term decree includes the following essential element.</div>
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1. There must be formal expression of adjudication</div>
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2. The adjudication must have determined the right of the parties with regard to matters in</div>
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controversy in the suit</div>
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3. The decree must have determined the right of the parties with regard to matters in </div>
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controversy in the suit.</div>
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4. Such determination must be of a conclusive nature</div>
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<b><u>ORDER</u></b></div>
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Oder means the formal expression of any decision of a civil court which is not a decree. Oder may be of appeal able orders and interlocutory orders </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-74315190915713956652017-04-08T02:51:00.002-07:002017-04-08T02:51:36.785-07:00Chptr-19.Other Laws-Three<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><u><span style="font-family: inherit;">THE KERALA CHITTIES ACT 1975 </span></u></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">Chitty helps to obtain fund for meeting the financial emergencies of common man. the advantages of person who conduct of common man. the advantage of person who conduct the chitty is that he is entitled to receive the first installment of collection, interest due from the subscribes who may make a default in payment of their subscription on due dates and a small fee on all the collections. It is not a speculative transaction but a commercial or business venture</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">The Kerala chitty act came in to force in 1975 and it extends to the whole state of keral. since 1975 and it extends to the whole state of kerala. since 1975 when ever a person is conducting chitty the permission from</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">the registrar appointed for the purpose of the should be obtained. the registration the application should be submitted to the registrar along with the permission and variola. The person who conduct the chitty is called foreman. Variola means the document containing the articles of agreement between foremen and subscribers relating to the chitty.</span><br />
<b style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><u><span style="font-family: inherit;">VARIOLA </span></u></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">This is the document containing the articles of the chitty association. It is the deed of agreement entered in to by the foreman and subscribers. It contain the following.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">1. Name and address of subscribers</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">2. The number of tickets subscribed by each subscriber</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">3. The amount of ticket</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">4. Method of filling up the subscribers</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">5. Commission of foreman, discount etc.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">6. Foreman's bank</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">7. Nature of sureties offered by foreman</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">8. Nominee's particular</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">9. the books maintained by foreman</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;" /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">according to section 18 the following books must be maintained by the foreman.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;" /></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">1. Register showing name and address of subscribers.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">2. Chitty minutes book</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">3. Chitty ledger</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">4. Register of sureties.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">5. Receipt book</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">6. Notice book</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;" /></span><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><u><span style="font-family: inherit;">CHITTY-WINDING UP</span></u></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">Chitty can be wound up in the following circumstances.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">1. Expiry of the chitty period</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">2. As per the terms of variola</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">3. Mutual agreement by prized subscribers and non defaulter-ed non prized subscribers</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">4. death or lunacy of the foreman and his legal heirs are unable to proceed the chit. </span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-71292264454974394952017-04-08T02:49:00.000-07:002017-04-08T02:49:18.560-07:00Chptr-20.Other Laws-Four<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u>KERALA LAND REFORMS ACT</u></b></h2>
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The passing of Kerala land reforms act is an important event not only in Kerala but also in the country. In 1960 Kerala agrarian relation act was passed. But the supreme court delayed it as unconstitutional. Soon in 1963 Kerala land reforms bill was passed. But this lacked some benefit to kudikidappukars and actual cultivator of land. Consequently in 1969 Kerala land reforms act was passed. this legislation attracted the masses of agriculturist in the state and stood as important land legislation in the country.</div>
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<b>SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE ACT</b></h3>
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The special features of kerala land reforms act are the following.</div>
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1. This legislation conferred the right of fixity of tenure on cultivating tenants</div>
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2. The act prescribed the uniform rate of rent applicable through out the state for different class of land </div>
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3. Provided provisions enabling the cultivating tenant to purchase the rights of the land owner</div>
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4. Prescribed and secures the right of kudikidappukars</div>
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5. There were provision fixing the ceiling on land </div>
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6. provision were made for the constitution of land tribunal and land boards</div>
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<span style="background-color: black; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">SECTION 81 </span></div>
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<b><u style="background-color: white;">EXEMPTION</u></b></h4>
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In computing the ceiling area the following land are excepted</div>
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1. Land owned by the government </div>
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2. Lands taken under the management of court of wards</div>
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3. Lands comprised in mills, factories or workshop and which are necessary for the </div>
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use of them </div>
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4. Private forests</div>
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5. Plantations</div>
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6. Lands mortgaged to government, co-operative societies kerala financing </div>
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corporation KSIDC etc.</div>
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7. Land purchased by agriculture development banks, KFC,SFC</div>
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8. Lands belonging to an industrial or commercial under takings </div>
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9. House sites</div>
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10. Sites of temples, mosques, churches, and cemeteries and burial and burning grounds </div>
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11. Sites of warehouses </div>
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12. Commercial sites</div>
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13. Lands occupied by educational institution </div>
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14. Lands vested by bhoodan yegna committee</div>
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15. Land owed by the university </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-13292109649041547792017-04-05T08:46:00.005-07:002017-04-05T08:46:09.475-07:00Photoshop Tutorial Get 6 Pack Abs in Photoshop HIGH<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hs0ruxQUTJM" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-91317995372176685272017-04-05T08:46:00.003-07:002017-04-05T08:46:04.489-07:00Photoshop Tutorial Get 6 Pack Abs in Photoshop HIGH<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hs0ruxQUTJM" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-86863597258713275522017-04-05T08:46:00.001-07:002017-04-05T08:46:03.937-07:00Photoshop Tutorial Get 6 Pack Abs in Photoshop HIGH<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hs0ruxQUTJM" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-38919743761550044212017-04-04T10:11:00.001-07:002017-04-04T10:11:12.035-07:00Photoshop Tutorial How I Edit Backlight Photograph<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/esi9XtvDm60" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-33791429813736527922017-04-04T09:57:00.001-07:002017-04-04T09:57:36.752-07:00photoshop manipulation tutorial l photo editing in photoshop<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FcRuNUlmDc0" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-46411291176006656702017-04-02T06:55:00.001-07:002017-04-02T06:55:20.180-07:00photoshop tutorials Photoshop Splatter dispersion photomanipulation Tu...<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kK1iMIQRewI" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2188343549698058022.post-73594249047754766562017-04-02T06:53:00.001-07:002017-04-02T06:53:08.648-07:00Photoshop tutorials | Splatter / Dispersion photo manipulation Tutorial<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QtRz8qbKaIE" width="480"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03560049316538455662noreply@blogger.com0